ccl22  (Elabscience Biotechnology)

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Three immunoregulatory signatures define non-productive HIV infection in CD4 + T memory stem cells

doi: 10.64898/2026.03.20.713012

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Mean-difference (MD) plot showing that no differentially expressed genes were found in CD4 + T SCM NE compared to Mock (|log 2 FC| >= 2 and FDR <= 0.01). (b) Volcano plot representing the relative expression of all genes in the CD4 + T SCM P vs mock comparison, with upregulated genes in red and downregulated genes in blue. (c) Venn diagram showing significantly upregulated genes in CD4 + T SCM NP compared to P, NE and mock (log 2 FC >= 2 and FDR <= 0.01). (d) Heatmap of CD4 + T SCM selected differentially expressed genes (Z-score is shown, row normalized considering only the displayed genes) across all sorted populations. (e) Boxplots representing transcript counts per million (CPM) detected by RNAseq in CD4 + T SCM for genes encoding for CCL22 , CCL17 , KYNU, IDO1 , BASP1 and TNFAIP2 in all sorted conditions (n=4). (f) Venn diagram of significantly upregulated genes in CD4 + T SCM harboring an integrated pMorpheus-V5 provirus (either NP or P compared to NE and mock, log 2 FC >= 2 and FDR <= 0.01). The six shared significantly upregulated genes are highlighted in the box below the Venn diagram. (g) Gene Ontology (GO) of Biological Processes (BP) of significantly upregulated genes in NP CD4 + T SCM , compared to P (left) and mock (right).

Article Snippet: Six hours before spinoculation, CCL22 100 ng/mL (MedChemExpress, # HY-P72790) or tryptophan 50 ug/mL (Sigma, # T8941) was added to the culture media.

Techniques: Expressing, Comparison, RNA sequencing

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Three immunoregulatory signatures define non-productive HIV infection in CD4 + T memory stem cells

doi: 10.64898/2026.03.20.713012

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Expression of CCL22 and CCL17, (b) KYNU and IDO1, (c) BASP1 and TNFAIP2 mRNA in FACS-sorted total CD4 + T cells (Productively infected P, negative-exposed NE, mock unexposed mock, non-productively infected NP, compared to P) infected with HIV pMorpheus-V5 reporter virus (n=3). Significance was calculated on log-transformed fold-change values (normalized to P fold-change values, set as 1) using both one-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons (Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test, between NP, NE and mock) and one-sample t and Wilcoxon test (between single populations compared to P, only NP vs P t test significance is shown). *, P < 0.05: **, P < 0.01, ***, P < 0.001, ****, P < 0.0001, ns, not significant. Each dot represents a different donor.

Article Snippet: Six hours before spinoculation, CCL22 100 ng/mL (MedChemExpress, # HY-P72790) or tryptophan 50 ug/mL (Sigma, # T8941) was added to the culture media.

Techniques: Expressing, Infection, Virus, Transformation Assay

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Three immunoregulatory signatures define non-productive HIV infection in CD4 + T memory stem cells

doi: 10.64898/2026.03.20.713012

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) of 43,112 naïve (TN) and memory (TM) CD4 + T cells from Cano-Gamez et al. (2020) . Cell type populations in the UMAP are colored according to the legend: naïve, central (T CM ) and effector (T EM ) memory cells, effector memory cells re-expressing CD45RA (T EMRA ), natural T regulatory (nTreg). (b) Dot plot showing the average gene expression per cell type and respective percentage of cells expressing each of 16 NP-upregulated genes, including chemokines ( CCL22, CCL17, CCL19, CXCL9, CXCL10, EBI3 ), tryptophan catabolic enzymes ( IDO1, IDO2, KYNU, IL4I1 ), and cytoskeletal regulators ( TNFAIP2, BASP1, FSCN1, MARCKS, PLEK, CYRIA ). (c) Heatmap displaying the expression levels of the 16 genes and corresponding UCell enrichment scores at the single-cell level in 2,756 CD4 + T cells (6.4%) in cells with detectable levels of CCL22 , CCL17 or CCL19 (marked by *). (d) UMAP of 1,821,725 human immune cells within the Human Immune Health Atlas (T cells, B cells, monocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, and 12 other subsets including dendritic cells (DC) and hematopoietic precursors) . Cell type populations in the UMAP are colored according to the legend. (e) Same as panel (b) but for the Human Immune Health Atlas . (f) Same as panel (c) but for the 448 cells (0.025%) with detectable CCL22 , CCL17 or CCL19 expression in the Human Immune Health Atlas (marked by *) .

Article Snippet: Six hours before spinoculation, CCL22 100 ng/mL (MedChemExpress, # HY-P72790) or tryptophan 50 ug/mL (Sigma, # T8941) was added to the culture media.

Techniques: Expressing, Gene Expression, Single Cell

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Three immunoregulatory signatures define non-productive HIV infection in CD4 + T memory stem cells

doi: 10.64898/2026.03.20.713012

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Experimental outline of CD4 + T cells treated with either CCL22, Tryptophan or IL-2 (media control). CD4 + T cells were TCR activated for three days in the presence of IL-2. Six hours before spinoculation, CCL22 or tryptophan was added to the cells. After spinoculation, cells were kept in either CCL22, tryptophan or control media until FACS staining and analysis. (b through g) Bar graphs showing the percentages of NP and P cells in the conditions treated with CCL22, tryptophan or IL-2 (media control), in total CD4 + T cells (b), naïve (c), T SCM (d), T CM (e), T TM (f) and T EM (g, n=3), with the ratio between P and NP highlighted on each condition (P/NP).

Article Snippet: Six hours before spinoculation, CCL22 100 ng/mL (MedChemExpress, # HY-P72790) or tryptophan 50 ug/mL (Sigma, # T8941) was added to the culture media.

Techniques: Control, Staining

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Three immunoregulatory signatures define non-productive HIV infection in CD4 + T memory stem cells

doi: 10.64898/2026.03.20.713012

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Representative contour plots gated on CD4 + T SCM population showing the percentage of CCL22 + IDO1 + cells in NP, P, NE and mock populations. (b) Representative contour plots gated on CD4 + T SCM population showing the percentage of single positive populations for either IDO1 or CCL22, in CD4 + T SCM NP, P, NE and Mock. (c through h) Bar graphs displaying the percentages of CCL22 + IDO1 + cells in every subset considered, in naïve (c), T SCM (d), T CM (e), T TM (f), T EM (g) and total CD4 + T cells (h, n=3). (i) Bar graph showing the percentage of CCL22 + IDO1 + in NP population across the CD4 + T cell subsets considered (n=3). Significance was calculated using Repeated Measures one-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons (Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test, between NP, P, NE and Mock). *, P < 0.05: **, P< 0.01, ***, P < 0.001, ****, P < 0.0001, ns, not significant. Data presented as the mean with SD.

Article Snippet: Six hours before spinoculation, CCL22 100 ng/mL (MedChemExpress, # HY-P72790) or tryptophan 50 ug/mL (Sigma, # T8941) was added to the culture media.

Techniques:

Journal: Advanced Science

Article Title: Intercellular Horizontal Transfer of TXNDC5 mRNA via Extracellular Vesicles Contributes to Tumor‐Associated Macrophage‐Mediated Prostate Cancer Metastasis

doi: 10.1002/advs.202511052

Figure Lengend Snippet: Primary lesions of mPCa exhibit increased M2 macrophage infiltration and a higher M2‐EVs/Ti‐EVs ratio compared to those of nmPCa. (A) Schematic diagram of the technical workflow to characterize M2 macrophages and M2 EVs in the primary lesions of PCa. (B) UMAP projection of all macrophages from the integrated scRNA‐seq dataset, colored by annotated cell subtypes: M1 macrophages, M2 macrophages, and Mixed macrophages. Cell numbers for each subset were indicated. (C) Analysis of the relative proportion of macrophage groups based on the integrated scRNA‐seq dataset in nmPCa and mPCa. (D) Association between the M2 phenotype and clinical outcome. M2 phenotype was defined by the expression of CD68 , CD163 , CD206 , IL10 , ARG1 , TGFB1 , VEGFA , and CCL22 . (E–G) Expression of M2 macrophage‐associated markers (represented by CD68, CD163, and CD206) in primary mPCa and nmPCa sites was shown by IHC (E, F) and IF(G). LR: low risk (patients with PSA value below 10 ng/mL, Gleason score below or equal to 7, and cT1‐cT2a disease); HR: high risk (patients with PSA value above 20 ng/mL, Gleason score above 7, cT2c‐cT4 disease, or a node‐positive disease). Scale bar, 50 µm. (H) Representative TEM images of Ti‐EVs from primary mPCa and nmPCa sites. Scale bar, 200 nm. (I) Size distribution of Ti‐EVs from primary mPCa and nmPCa sites showed by nFCM. (J) Western blotting of EV marker proteins (CD63, ALIX, and CD9) and contaminating protein (GM130). CL: cell lysate of tissue. (K, L) The proportions of CD68 + CD206 + EVs measured with nFCM in total Ti‐EVs from mPCa ( n = 5) compared to those from nmPCa ( n = 5). All experiments were repeated three times. Data presented as the mean ± SD. * , p < 0.05; ** , p < 0.01; *** , p < 0.001; **** , p < 0.0001; and ns for non‐significant data. Φ: macrophages.

Article Snippet: For the measurement of secretory protein concentrations, conditioned medium was collected and centrifuged for 20 min at 10 000 × g, and the supernatant was used to test the concentrations of TGF‐β1 (E‐EL‐0162, Elabscience), CCL22 (E‐EL‐H0029, Elabscience), and VEGFA (E‐EL‐H0111, Elabscience) with ELISA kits according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Marker

Journal: Advanced Science

Article Title: Intercellular Horizontal Transfer of TXNDC5 mRNA via Extracellular Vesicles Contributes to Tumor‐Associated Macrophage‐Mediated Prostate Cancer Metastasis

doi: 10.1002/advs.202511052

Figure Lengend Snippet: CCM of M2 macrophages promotes migration and invasion of PCa cells. (A) Illustration of the strategy used to induce M0 and M2 macrophages in human leukemia monocytic THP‐1 cells. THP‐1 cells were differentiated into M0 macrophages by incubation with 100 ng/mL phorbol‐12‐myristate‐13‐acetate (PMA) for 48 h. M0 macrophages were polarized into M2 macrophages by culturing in 20 ng/mL IL‐4 and IL‐10 for 48 h. (B) Characterization of morphological changes in the course of differentiation from THP‐1 cells to M2 macrophages under a light microscope. Scale bars, 200 µm (100×), 100 µm (200×), 50 µm (400×). (C) ELISA revealed elevated levels of secretory TGF‐β, CCL22, and VEGFA in the CCM of M2 macrophages compared with those of M0 macrophages. (D) Evaluation of M2 macrophage‐associated protein markers by flow cytometry before and after differentiation. (E) Verification of classical M2‐associated genes by qRT‐PCR in M0 and M2 macrophages. Gene expression normalized to GAPDH . (F) The proportional change of CD68 + CD163 + cells upon induction was shown by IF. Scale bar, 100 µm. (G, H) Migration and invasion assays in M2 CCM‐treated versus M0 CCM‐treated DU145 (G) and PC3 (H) cells. (I, J) The wound healing assay showed different migration rates of DU145 (I) and PC3 (J) cells upon M2 CCM treatment. All experiments were repeated three times. Data presented as the mean ± SD. * , p < 0.05; ** , p < 0.01; *** , p < 0.001; **** , p < 0.0001; and ns for non‐significant data.

Article Snippet: For the measurement of secretory protein concentrations, conditioned medium was collected and centrifuged for 20 min at 10 000 × g, and the supernatant was used to test the concentrations of TGF‐β1 (E‐EL‐0162, Elabscience), CCL22 (E‐EL‐H0029, Elabscience), and VEGFA (E‐EL‐H0111, Elabscience) with ELISA kits according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Techniques: Migration, Incubation, Light Microscopy, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Flow Cytometry, Quantitative RT-PCR, Gene Expression, Wound Healing Assay